The Myth
Sun Scare”: How Commercialism Has Twisted Proper Sun Care

Scaring people out of the sun is a multibillion-dollar business. Smart Tan coined the term “sun scare” in 1996 to properly identify those who were
distorting the truth about sunshine’s complex relationship with human health in order to scare you out of the sun. Some “sun scare” groups profit by
marketing a distorted sun abstinence message, while others simply tell you to avoid any and all sun exposure because they don’t trust you to make
your own informed decision about proper sun care:

  • Cosmetic Corporations – These giant “cosmeceutical” firms are driven by multibillion-dollar profits and are the leading purveyors of “sun
    scare.” These sunscreen manufacturers are marketing their products to block any and all UV exposure rather than simply for sunburn
    prevention. Sunscreen companies are enjoying record profits right now. For instance:

  • $9 billion pharmaceutical giant Schering-Plough (Coppertone) reported sun-care related sales of $204 million in 2005, up 16 percent from
    2004 and up 40 percent from 2003, making the division one of Schering-Plough’s best performers by percentage growth.

  • $50 billion Johnson & Johnson’s consumer products unit – which markets sun care products like Neutrogena and Aveeno, is one of the
    pharmaceutical giant’s most profitable divisions, with increased sales of $2.36 billion in the first quarter of 2006 alone. Neutrogena’s
    marketing uses some of the most aggressive sun-scare tactics of any sunscreen company. In marketing its “Age Shield” SPF 45 product,
    Neutrogena warns people, “As part of your daily skin care regimen, Neutrogena recommends Healthy Defense SPF30 Daily Moisturizer to
    combat damage from daily sun exposure.”  

  • Beauty magazines – Chock full of cosmetic advertising, the average North American beauty magazine contains 21 pages of anti-sun-related
    advertising in every issue. That’s an estimated $1 million a month in revenue for many beauty magazines, which explains why their editorial
    message is so heavily slanted against sunshine.
  

  • One prominent example of how advertising affects beauty magazine coverage of this issue: Cosmopolitan magazine sold sponsorship of a cover
    feature on sun care to Neutrogena in May 2006. The package of stories – as beauty magazines often do – featured and recommended usage of
    Neutrogena products. Further, Cosmo Editor Kate White personally trumpeted the message of her advertiser on a publicity tour that included a
    prominent interview on NBC’s The Today Show in April. Neutrogena products were featured on that appearance as well. In essence,
    Cosmopolitan has compromised its editorial integrity and has officially become a paid lobbyist for the cosmeceutical industry, which markets its
    product based on all-out fear and denial of the benefits naturally derived from sunlight.

  • Skin Care Lobbying Groups – The American Academy of Dermatology, the Skin Cancer Foundation and the National Sun Safety Alliance all
    are prime examples of groups that the public perceives to be independent and altruistic, but which have strong ties to the pharmaceutical
    manufacturers of sunscreen products. This is one reason why most of these groups still recommend daily usage of sunscreen 365 days a year
    for people in all climates despite the fact that such a regimen clearly promotes over-use of sunscreen and may be contributing to the epidemic of
    Vitamin D deficiency in North America today.

Some purveyors of “sun scare” have deluded themselves into thinking that it is acceptable to overstate the risks associated with overexposure in order
to convince people to moderate their sun exposure habits. This segment of the anti-tanning “sun scare” lobby, in an effort to rightfully increase
awareness about sun care, often says the wrong thing the wrong way for the right reasons. But the fact that the intention – to reduce skin damage – is
right does not give them a free pass to obscure the facts and ignore conflicting data, as they often do. For example:

  • Some dermatology industry leaders still maintain that there are no known health benefits to regular sun exposure. This position is totally non-
    defendable. There is plenty of well-researched material documenting the positive physiological and psychological effects of UV exposure. They
    are in full denial.

  • “People who practice proper sun protection and are concerned that they are not getting enough vitamin D should either take a multivitamin or
    drink a few glasses of vitamin D fortified milk every day. ..Dietary intake of vitamin D can completely and easily fulfill our needs.” – Dr. Raymond
    L. Cornelison Jr., then-president of the American Academy of Dermatology, in a July 3, 2003 AAD press release entitled, “Vitamin D + Sunshine =
    Bad Medicine.” This isn’t true – sunshine is the body’s natural way to make vitamin D, and the vitamin D community has agreed that one cannot
    reliably make vitamin D through dietary supplementation alone.

  • Some dermatology industry leaders, in efforts to increase awareness about sun care, have clearly overstated the risks associated with UV
    exposure. For example, dermatology industry leaders have gone on record advocating daily use of sunscreen 365 days a year in all climates.
    This is clearly misbranding the product in seasons and climates where sunburn is not a possibility. Further, this over-use of sunscreen
    completely prevents the body from naturally manufacturing vitamin D. And vitamin D deficiency in our society appears to be epidemic.

  • “Overwhelming evidence links the development of most skin cancers to exposure of skin to ultraviolet radiation contained in sunlight. (Vitamin D
    Scientists Dr. Michael) Holick hints that judicious daily exposures might be safe. However, I believe that every photon hitting the skin could
    produce a photo-mutation leading to skin cancer.” - Dr. Mark V. Dahl, past president of the American Academy of Dermatology in a 2003 editorial
    criticizing Holick's work published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Dahl’s comment that any bit of sun exposure could lead to skin cancer is akin to
    saying that any car trip is dangerous and therefore people should not drive a car – it’s not the most accurate way to portray the relationship.

  • Some dermatology industry leaders, in attempts to scare people out of the sun, still compare tanning to smoking, making the statement that
    indoor tanning is like a cigarette for your skin. This hyperbole is nothing short of ridiculous:

  • Smoking introduces unnatural substances into your body that your body is not designed to process. In contrast, your body is designed to
    process UV light, and in fact is reliant on UV exposure for natural body functions.
  • Smoking is related to 20 percent of all deaths in the United States and 30 percent of all cancer deaths, according to the American Cancer
    Society.
  • Lung cancer rates are 22 times higher for current male smokers and 12 times higher for current female smokers as compared to non-
    smokers. In contrast, there are no studies showing that tanning in a non-burning fashion is related to any increase in skin cancer risk. This
    is critical, because we believe that burning, not moderate tanning, is the significant UV-related risk factor.

  • 18 of 22 studies ever conducted on indoor tanning and melanoma have shown no connection at all, including the most recent and largest study
    on the topic. The four older studies that have alleged small increases in risk have all contained unexplained statistical anomalies, such as failing
    to control for confounding variables such as outdoor sun exposure. In some studies, frequent tanners had lower risk as compared to non-
    tanners, which also is unexplained.

The public and the press look up to medical professionals as objective sources of public health information. But when dermatology industry lobbyists
obscure the facts and distort the picture to attempt to influence health policy, that creates an abrogation of trust that is unfortunate for all parties
involved, and the consumer suffers.

Sun Scare: Calling Any UV Exposure a ‘Carcinogen’

The U.S. federal government in 2000 included ultraviolet light on its list of known human carcinogens – a document it produces bi-annually to warn
people about dangerous chemicals and exposure circumstances. In doing so, ultraviolet light became the first item on that list that humans also need in
order to live and would die if they didn’t receive. That is nothing less than confusing. Here are a few things to keep in mind if you have heard about this
listing:

  • The criteria to be on the list does not take into consideration the dosage required for a substance to be harmful. That is the problem. According
    to the listing criteria: “The Report does not present quantitative assessments of carcinogenic risk. Listing of substances in the Report, therefore,
    does not establish that such substances present carcinogenic risks to individuals in their daily lives.” In other words, the criteria to be on the U.S.
    government’s list of carcinogens does not differentiate between sunburn and normal daily UV exposure. Purveyors of sun scare conveniently
    have neglected to disclose this shortfall. This exclusion makes this listing meaningless.

  • This report means nothing more than this: Repeated sunburn and overexposure may increase your risk of skin cancer. The list does not mean
    that moderate tanning in an non-burning fashion will cause skin cancer. That’s because there is no research in existence to demonstrate that
    tanning without burning is a significant risk factor for anything.

  • Sunburn and overexposure are exactly what we are trying to prevent by teaching moderation and sunburn prevention.

  • The list does not take into account that there are positive effects of regular ultraviolet light exposure. One thing we know for certain: You would
    be dead today if you did not receive any ultraviolet light.
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The Fundamentals About Tanning
Moderate tanning, for individuals who can develop a tan, is the smartest way to maximize the potential benefits of sun exposure while minimizing the
potential risks associated with either too much or too little sunlight.

This position is founded on the following tenets:

  1. The professional indoor tanning industry promotes and teaches what we refer to as The Golden Rule of Smart Tanning: Don't ever sunburn.
  2. The indoor tanning industry has been more effective at teaching sunburn prevention than those who promote complete sun avoidance. Non-
    tanners sunburn more often than people who tan indoors.
  3. An estimated 30 million North Americans patronize indoor tanning facilities at some point during the year. Every year, millions of indoor tanners
    successfully develop "base tans" before embarking on sunny vacations - tans that, combined with the proper use of sunscreen outdoors, help
    them prevent sunburn.
  4. Public debate on this issue has completely lost the perspective that there are known physiological and psychological benefits
    associated with sunlight, that there are many other potential benefits that need further research, that the risks are manageable for anyone who
    has the ability to develop a tan and that, for many people, the benefits of sun exposure outweigh the risks associated with overexposure.
  5. A tan is the body's natural protection against sunburn. Your skin is designed to tan as a natural body function, and the body is designed to
    repair sun damage as a natural process.
  6. The professional indoor tanning salon industry is part of the solution in the ongoing battle against sunburn and in teaching people how to identify
    a proper and practical life-long skin care regimen.


Tanning 101: How Your Skin Tans and Why It’s Natural (Click on this link to learn more about UV light and how your skin tans)


Vitamin D: One Big Reason We Need Sun Exposure
The ‘Sunshine Vitamin’ is linked to lowering your risk of several forms of cancer and many other diseases.

Exposure to UVB present in sunshine and in most tanning beds is the body’s natural way to produce vitamin D, accounting for 90 percent of vitamin D
production. Dietary “supplements” are just that: Supplemental ways to produce vitamin D.

What’s more, research has shown that people who utilize indoor tanning equipment that emits UVB – which most tanning equipment does – also
produce vitamin D. And studies have also shown that indoor tanning patrons have higher vitamin D blood levels than non-tanners.

While the North American indoor tanning industry promotes itself as a cosmetic service, one undeniable side-effect of that cosmetic service is vitamin D
production. Even though it may not be necessary to develop a tan to produce vitamin D, this should also be considered: There is growing consensus
that humans may not be able to get enough vitamin D through dietary supplements alone (especially if recommended vitamin D levels are raised, as is
widely anticipated, from 200-600 IU daily to 1,000-2,000 IU) and growing acceptance of moderate sun exposure as the best, cheapest, most widely
available and most natural source. (In comparison, an 8-ounce glass of whole milk is fortified with just 100 IU of Vitamin D). Further, because research
suggests that the risks associated with sun exposure are most likely related to intermittent sunburns, it is credible to believe that the benefits of regular,
moderate non-burning exposure outweigh the easily manageable risks associated with overexposure.

New research has shown that vitamin D deficiency is epidemic in American adults today, suggesting that up to 90 percent of North Americans are
vitamin D deficient and that vitamin D deficiency has significant implications on human health. Indeed, two world-wide conferences on Vitamin D were
convened in 2006 in North America, with universal consensus that Vitamin D deficiency is a real problem. As a result of those conferences, the
American Cancer Society and the Canadian Cancer Society – which had both preached sun abstinence for years – both recognized for the first time in
May 2006 that some sunlight is necessary for human health.

It is likely that over-usage of sunscreen in climates and seasons when sunburn is not a possibility -- sunscreen almost completely prevents vitamin D
production -- has contributed to this problem. This is especially significant because:

• A 2006 systematic review of 63 studies on vitamin D status in relation to cancer risk has shown that vitamin D sufficiency may reduce one’s risk of
colon, breast and ovarian cancers by up to 50 percent.

• Additionally, vitamin D deficiency is a leading cause of osteoporosis, a disease affecting 25 million Americans which leads to 1 million hip and bone
fractures every year. In elderly individuals, such fractures are often deadly. Encouraging everyone to wear sunscreen all year long in any climate
undoubtedly is contributing to this problem, as vitamin D is necessary for the body to properly process calcium.

• Vitamin D deficiency most likely plays a role in the development of muscular sclerosis, according to the Calgary based charity Direct-MS. (You can
learn more about this by visiting
www.direct-ms.org.)

• Vitamin D deficiency is also believed to be linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer and even heart disease.

Four additional resources for more information and research on vitamin D are:

www.uvadvantage.com

www.vitaminDcouncil.com

www.sunarc.org and

www.qualitycounts.com/fpvitamind.html.

Additionally, a new Canadian Group, the Vitamin D Society, has been launched in 2006 to educate Canadians about Vitamin D deficiency and fund new
Vitamin D research. Its web site is
www.vitaminDsociety.org.

"Current research indicates vitamin D deficiency plays a role in causing 17 varieties of cancer, heart disease, stroke, hypertension, autoimmune
diseases, diabetes, depression, chronic pain, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, muscle wasting, birth defects and periodontal disease,"
the Vitamin D Council writes on its web site. "This does not mean that vitamin D is the only cause of these diseases, or that you will not get them if you
take vitamin D. What it does mean is that vitamin D, and the many ways in which it affects a person's health, can no longer be overlooked by the
healthcare industry nor by individuals striving to maintain, or achieve, a greater state of health."

While public health officials have floundered at how to craft a message that recognizes the both the benefits of sunlight and the risks of overexposure,
the professional indoor tanning industry has for more than a decade promoted a balanced message about sunlight. The tanning industry's core belief:
Moderate tanning, for individuals who can develop a tan, is the smartest way to maximize the potential benefits of sun exposure while minimizing the
potential risks associated with either too much or too little sunlight.

Sunburn prevention -- not sun avoidance -- is the key.
Holick MF. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004:
80(6 Suppl); 1678S-1688S

Vin Tangpricha, Adrian Turner, Catherine Spina, Sheila Decastro, Tai C Chen and Michael F Holick. Tanning is associated with optimal Vitamin D
status (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration) and higher bone mineral density. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80:1645-9.

Holick MF. High Prevalence of Vitamin D Inadequacy and Implications for Health. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. March 2006; 81(3): 353-373.

Garland CF, Garland FC, Gorham ED, Lipkin M, Newmark H, Mohr SB, Holick MF. The Role of Vitamin D in Cancer Prevention. Am J Pub Health. 2006,
Vol. 96 No. 2; 9-18.

Hundreds of additional research references can be found in these four papers.
The Truth